For What Purpose Is It Used?
Incoterms, that is, modes of transportation, is a program implemented by the International Chamber of Commerce with the aim of resolving the confusion of terms used in commerce and applying them to a determined standard.
Although it is not based on any legal obligation, modes of transportation are the abbreviated terminology of duties and responsibilities that include the point at which the buyer and seller will take the responsibility of transportation of the products.
Inctorems, which entered into force in 1936, has been revised over the years with the change and shaping of international trade and maintains its currency.
The scopes and details of the modes of transportation, which we will examine under 11 main headings, are as follows.
RULES COVERING ALL MODES OF TRANSPORT
EXW Ex-Works (Delivery at Work);
Obligations ;
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the buyer)
-Loading process (belongs to the buyer.)
-Transportation (the seller does not have to make a contract of carriage against the buyer, it belongs to the buyer.)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is optionally made by the buyer.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
FCA-Free Carrier (Free delivery to the carrier)
Obligations ;
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Loading process (decided between seller and buyer)
-Transportation (belongs to the buyer)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is optionally made by the buyer.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
CPT-Carriage Paid To (Delivered with freight paid)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (belongs to the seller)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
DAP-Delivered At Place (Delivered at the specified place)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is made by the buyer or the seller, depending on preference.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
DPU-Delivered At Place Unloaded
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is optionally made by the buyer.)
-Unloading (belongs to the seller)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
DDP-Delivered Duty Paid (Delivered with duty paid)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is made by the buyer or the seller, depending on preference.)
-Unloading (belongs to the seller)
-Import procedures ( belongs to the seller )
RULES SPECIFIC TO SEA AND INTERNAL WATER SHIPMENTS
MOROCCO – FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (FREE DELIVERY BY SHIP)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Loading process (belongs to the buyer.)
-Transportation (belongs to the buyer)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is made by the buyer or the seller, depending on preference.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
FOB – FREE ON BOARD
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the buyer)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is made by the buyer or the seller, depending on preference.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
CFR – COST AND FREIGHT (DELIVERY INCLUDING COSTS AND FREIGHT)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (The seller does not have to make transportation insurance for the products against the buyer, it is made by the buyer or the seller, depending on preference.)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
CIF – COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (DELIVERY INCLUDING COSTS, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT)
-Control, packaging and marking process of the products (belongs to the seller)
-Export procedures (belongs to the seller)
-Installation process ( belongs to the seller )
-Transportation (belongs to the seller)
-Insurance (belongs to the seller)
-Unloading (belongs to the buyer)
-Import procedures (belongs to the buyer.)
PASSAGE OF DAMAGE IN NCOTERMS 2020
-The place specified in all forms of delivery, except for the abbreviation of which starts with “C”, indicates the place where the goods are delivered, that is, the place where the damage passes from the seller to the buyer.
-The seller fulfills his obligation to deliver regardless of whether the goods have arrived at the destination.
Loading the goods on the ship or depositing them with the carrier or placing them at the disposal of the carrier indicates the moment when the goods are delivered by the seller to the buyer.
-This is the moment when the damage passes from the seller to the buyer
